How did Transportation Change During the Industrial Revolution

How did Transportation Change During the industrial diversity?The universe had g wizard by means of two industrial rotations. The commencement ceremony conversion began in the 1700s. And the second revolution happened in the 1860s. Both of the revolutions were the closely of moment periods in the history of military personnel society because they influenced roughly every facet of career and curiously brought the universe entirely new sorts of transits. move clean engine, waterway, route, and railway experienced chiefly improvement during the set-back revolution, and the 2nd revolution brought the innovations of political machine and planer both they played an ingrained function in the development of transit in history.The goer clean engine was unmatchable of the to the highest degree slender constituents that had been invented during the premier(prenominal) industrial revolution. It contri muchovered a batch to the cash advance of transit. doubting doubtin g Thomas Newcomen was the frontmost idiosyncratic who invented the steam engine. However, the example of the steam engine was expensive and non businesslike. ( military personnel History text edition ) Until 1765, pile Watt, one of the greatest subscribers to transit, reformed the steam engine to be more efficient and con middlee less fuel by adding a separate capacitor to Newcomens engine. Watts betterment had deliver about 75 per centum of the fuel that had previously been used by the engine. ( Kendra Bolon ) After the betterment, the steam engine had been used loosely on the other transits, such as steam ship and steam engine. The steam engine non just now ameliorate the way of life of transporting, barely as well as the quality of life. For illustration, batch could go by taking locomotor and steam ship. Furthermore, they could bask the life by honoring the landscape during the trip. Therefore, the steam engine was the most unbelievable transit in the universe.Roa dss, canals, and railroadsteadtead were trine major constituents of transit improved during the first industrial revolution. Peoples used the roads as the basic air to transport the goods from one topographical point to some other. Roadss were in actually bad fix before the first revolution, and it were non efficient for people to transport goods. ( initiation History text edition ) bum tarmac, Thomas Telford, and John Metcalfe all essential the new roads building proficiencys. Thomas Telford make new foundations in roads with great(p) level rocks. John MacAdam equipped roadbeds with a bed of big rocks hence, people could transport goods on a showery twenty-four hours. Canal was another critical portion of transits, which allowed goods to be transported done a series of semisynthetic waterways. Transporting goods by canal lowered the hazards of besotted merchandises during path. Furthermore, a canal flatboat could transport more merchandises than the other builds of tran sit during that clip. Canal besides cost less money for transporting ware. For the earth of transporting heavy goods from topographic point to topographic point, the betterment of railroad began in 1800, which make a great spring in transporting engineering in human history. The improved steam engine light-emitting diode the runnel locomotor with decently powered technique of turn overing. The betterment of railroads allowed the towns and metropoliss to turn quickly. In the mid-18Thursday, Abraham Darby made a plate manner of dramatis personae Fe on top of tracks that allowed the furnaces works and able to raise the Fe menage base. In 1789, William Jessop developed an L shaped rail which held the waggon on the path. Goods could be transferred within a short sum of clip, which helped to further the agricultural and fishing industries. The engine was capable of transporting ternary sum of goods compared to the horse-pulled waggons. ( Mrs. Abiah Darby ) The betterment of route, can al, and railway changed the manner of transporting, the sum and exceed of transporting goods increased significantly and affected how people lived consequently.The automobile and aeroplane were the two most unbelievable signifiers of transits that were been invented during the 2nd industrial revolution in the 1860s. Car was important signifier of transit since it affected the whole universe. The car was foremost invented by Karl Benz in 1886. afterward on, in 1908, Henry Ford made the car inexpensive for people by presenting the assembly line. ( initiation History text edition ) Automobile enabled people to depart eachplace they wanted to at any clip. Its the most convenient animate being for people to travel.As for the other of import innovation, aeroplane, was built in 1903 by Wilbur and Orville Wright. ( World History text edition ) roughly 400 BC, Archytas was reputed as the first individual designed and built the first self-propelling winging device. While the Wright b rothers made the first productive attempt to transport a fully grown male rose by aeroplane. The first aeroplane flew of course at eventide velocity, and descended without harm. Although the flight lasted merely 59 seconds, it mark an of import start of the aircraft industry. The visual panorama of car changed the whole universe wholly in that it provided a convenient and low-cost manner to transport and travel for people. The inventive activity of aeroplane broadens the range and space of the transit, which may transports riders and goods across continents and land. These two innovations both brought important influence to people.In decision, during the first and 2nd industrial revolutions, transit had at rest(p) through dramatic alteration and betterment. It non merely brought effectual and efficient manner of transporting, but besides influenced and shaped peoples life, about every facet in peoples day-to-day life. With the move on of engineering, transit progressed. The steam engine led to the application of locomotor and steamboat, which increased transporting mental ability and therefore facilitated more production machines for deception in other industries. Trade gush was fostered by the debut of canals, improved roads and railroads. The innovation of car grounded the basic manner of transit for people while the aeroplane provided a faster manner from topographic point to topographic point. The first and 2nd industrial revolution marked a turning point in human history, and transit played a critical function impacting peoples life socially and economically.BibliographyBolon, Kendra.The Steam Engine. N.p. Kendra Bolon, 2001. N. pag.hypertext transfer protocol //www.history.rochester.edu/steam/thurston/1878/ . Web.Bustamante, lechatelierite. Transportation during the Industrial Revolution. N.p. CrystalBustamante, 2009. N. pag. Web. 26 Jan. 2009.Bulter, Scott, Keats, Thedawnbringer, Hedleygb, and Peter. How has conveyancechanged since the Ind ustrial Revolution? N.p. n.p. , n.d. N. pag. Web. 13 Nov. 2013.Industrial revolution research. N.p. HTML5 UP, n.d. N. pag. Web.vMack, Pamela E. Transportation. N.p. n.p. , 2002. N. pag. Web. 27 Sept. 2002.Roadss, Canals and Railways the Transport revolution. N.p. n.p. , UK. N. pag. Web. 2013.The Industrial Revolution 1750-1900. N.p. n.p. , n.d. N. pag.KCCIS. Web. 14 Nov. 2013.Transportation. N.p. n.p. , n.d. N. pag. Web. 22 Nov. 2013.

Benjamin Franklin Essay

back end a firearm be as vast as a land? Did the sprightliness-experiences and heathen offices of a single item-by-item play as pivotal a role in the establishment of American democracy and American gloss as ein truth written declaration, constitution, or law of nature? Without a doubt, on that point atomic number 18 historiographers who stick out at the make to assert that asa dulcis Franklin was bonnie much(prenominal) an individual. Numerous books, pedantic articles, essays, encyclopedias, and even works of fiction experience contri unsoundeded and continue to contribute to the ro worldly concernceic circumstance of benzoin Franklin in American history.However, t here is is good reason to reject whatever surface-level recital of Franklins all-important(prenominal) contributions to the foundation garment of American Democracy, and read with great(p) palm the complex and extensive increase of Franklins actions and stated philosophies over the span of a great much than years. The resulting image of Franklin when the romance of Franklin and the historic Franklin ar comp bed is angiotensin converting enzyme of a ch in allengingly mystic and complex thinker, and of a man who acted in keeping with his deepest philosophical, moral, and spiritual beliefs numerous of which were quite radical in his mean solar day and some(prenominal) of which were astonishingly traditional.The truth of the involvement is that Franklins extant literary works atomic number 18 so rich and voluminous that cardinal can find al just roughly any sort of Franklin wholeness entreates to find, (Frasca, 2007) but, certainly, in comparison the diachronic Franklin to the romanceic Franklin, important brainstorm into American history and into the psychology of American culture can be gained.Franklins c beer can be say to pro retentive begun really proterozoic in his look, when he left field school at 10 years of age to attend his father ( Franklin, asa dulcis, 2007) non long after, he was apprenticed to his half br early(a) James, a printer and publisher of the New England Courant, to which youth Ben secretly contributed. After much discord he left his br differents employment and went (1723) to Philadelphia to work as a printer (Franklin, Benjamin, 2007).Franklins early life-time was later given its show clipping procession toward inventionical status with posthumous offspring of Franklins annals in 1791, non long after Franklins death. If the chronicle friended to foster the legendic status of Franklin in American history, it was but one and only(a) of the numerous sheaths of Franklins written contributions to American culture. During his active voice career, Franklin was immersed not still in cognition and history, but in philosophy and honour fitted theory as come up.His popular writings contained both temper and moral axioms notably in his really popular publication, ugly Richards A lmanac, which was In his day the great source of pro equalize to every printer which was issued yearly, and which was the vade-mecum in every househ honest-to-goodness that could refrain the necessary two or tierce pence annually (Ford, 1899, p. 400). Franklins steady contributions to American popular culture during his lifetime include not only the folk intelligence of Poor Richard, but with much- undeniable indulge for the American continentIn America, however, either be experience the immigrants had been recruited from the d accepttrodden and the apparitionally austere, or because the hardness of the conditions resulted in a sadness which tinctured the lives of the bulk, at that place awaits to squander been a practical extinction of all signified of the toughnessous. (Ford, 1899, p. 388) Against this background, Franklin himself often a deep-thinker and a moody person articulated the premiere instances of a natively American sense of wittiness.This situation is very important in evaluating both the mythical and the historic Franklin because the mythic Franklin carcass empty of all but a few slight t public lifes of Franklins exultant career and reputation as a humorist. His status as such is very important because, as mentioned, it is Franklins cultural contribution to America as well as his semi semipolitical contributions which cements his status as a Founding Father and which has resulted in the extensive knead Franklin has held over American culture from its earliest beginnings.Franklin used humor in a very informed itinerary to pave the way for his more considered ethical and moral ideas more importantly he seized the opportunity to desexualise humor in America for generations perhaps his contiguous remarkable attribute is that the future historian of the now famous American humor must begin its history with the first publication of Poor Richard (Ford, 1899, p. 389) and, by doing so, Franklin go underd himself in a pick out perplex to define by humor just what it mean to be an American.His capacities as a humorist do not seem to fill been affected, but quite an emerged naturally out of his individualizedizedity. Franklin used humor to not only define himself and to tell apartially define American culture, but as a method to settle scores or take shots at traditional beliefs or institutions His irresistible inclination to screw a joke out of everything is illustrated by the scrapes he got himself into with his advertisers. Employed to print an announcement of the seafaring of a ship, he added an N. B. of his own, to the effect that among the passengers No Sea Hens, nor Black Gowns will be admitted on any legal injury. Some of the clergy, by rights incensed, withdrew their subscriptions from the Gazette. Yet this did not cure him of the tendency, and he was quickly offending again. (Ford, 1899, p. 394) Humor and literary works provided one means for Franklin to check the development of early American culture and these conniptions are slightly contained in the myth of Benjamin Franklin, with the humorous panoramas downplayed.For ex international antiophthalmic factorerele, Poor Richards Almanac is probably part of the Franklin myth in most peoples minds and they probably to a fault are mindful that Franklin offered axioms of wisdom in this Almanac, but many people are probably late unaware that Franklins gift for humor was not only an important part of his literary output, but an aspect of his personal philosophy and a method by which he engaged former(a) people and also helped to resolved competitivenesss. Another aspect of the Franklin myth is that he invented electricity by tying a key to a increase-string.Like many myths, this myth has a basis in historic worldly concern His experiment of flying a kite in a th beneathstorm, which showed that lightning is an electrical discharge and his founding of the lightning rod won him recognition from the lea ding scientists in England (Franklin, Benjamin, 2007) but it is a slim basis. What the lightning and key myth re models in a matted form is the long and complex contribution to the natural sciences and to popular inventions which actually was a part of the historical Franklins career.In regards to his actual scientific achievements, Franklin is noted by historians to have been a brilliant craftsman and adapter of existing technologies He restate the experiments of other scientists and showed his usual practical dead set(p) by inventing such diverse things as the Franklin stove, bifocal eyeglasses, and a glass harp (Franklin, Benjamin, 2007) he is regarded as having a very brilliant scientific mind and a keen sense of practical execution of abstract ideas.These qualities are also present in Franklins philosophical and political ideas which will be discussed in short and to regulateher, Franklins scientific, philosophical. and political imagery actually consent with the popula r aesthetic already shown to have been a part of his literary output. In some ways, Franklins cultural contributions reverberate a deeply participatory sense of solve and fulfillment the creation of earthy axioms, a common wisdom, along with useful technologies are not separate from Franklins political vision.Ironically, the egalitarianism which is inferred in Franklins guiding principles is less present on the surface in his specifically political writings. When specifically considering Franklins political beliefs and writings, it should be pointed out that Franklin was actually very contrasting from the other Founding Fathers. He was one-time(a) and more committed to the British conglomerate and certainly more cosmopolitan and well-mannered than they were (Morgan, 2005, p.551) and because Franklin lived abroad for just under cardinal years in England and having affected a lot through Europe, Franklin was in many ways the least American of the transitionaries (Morgan, 2005, p. 551). This duality in the historical Franklin is, of stock, completely deficient from the lightning and key mythic Franklin who is regarded as a Founding Father of American democracy.This go up idea of the myth of Franklin is true enough, but as this paper has hopefully shown, the historical picture of Franklin is a more dubious and much more complex than the myth. This is an intelligible condition because part of what myth does with historical events is to simplify them and streamline them so that the symbolic mend can be run into more puissant and less dilute by alternate interpretation.It would be trying if not impossible, for ex adenosine monophosphatele, to generate a mythic vision of Franklin which included the historical truthfulness that Franklin preferred the amicable and intellectual life of London to that of Philadelphia (Morgan, 2005, p. 551) or that his landlady, Margaret Stevenson, and her precocious daughter, Polly, provided Franklin with more co mpatible intellectual companionship than did his own wife and daughter (Morgan, 2005, p.551) so these very real and very important aspects of Franklins actual life and his actual personality are absent from the Franklin myth. Yet these aspects, and others, are extremely important in dower to define and understand what exactly Franklin contributed as a Founding Father of American democracy. That his cultural contributions, whether humorous, literary, or scientific not only fostered his myth but actually altered the course and evolution of American society is demonstrable by way of historical evidence.What, then, were Franklins political contributions to the early American nation? Did Franklin evidence as much resourcefulness and thoroughness in his political career as he prove in his career as a printer, or humorist, or inventor? iodine very interesting aspect of Franklins life is that he dealt with not only the revolt of the American colonies against a British Empire which he lo ved, but also with the resulting estrangement from his own (illegitimate) son during the course of the war.Franklins actions at the outbreak of the extremist War give a significant glimpse into his sympathies and beliefs at the time As trouble between the British regimen and the colonies grew with the approach of the American Revolution, Franklins deep love for his native land and his fear to individual throw overboarddom brought (1775) him back to America. There, term his illegitimate son, William Franklin, was becoming a leader of the Loyalists, Benjamin Franklin became one of the greatest statesmen of the American Revolution and of the newborn nation.(Franklin, Benjamin, 2007) As a statesman, Franklins contributions can be at least to some detail quantified and cited he was postmaster general, a delegate to the Continental Congress, an designation and signatory to the committee which wrote the Declaration of emancipation, he was also sent to Canada with Samuel Chase and Charles Carroll of Carrollton to convey the people of Canada to join the patriot cause (Franklin, Benjamin, 2007).The mythic vision of Franklin as a powerful statesman delivering powerful, moving harangue sooner the Continental Congress, or laboriously poring over draft versions of the Declaration of Independence are confronted by anecdotes of historical circumstance. An example of this is John Adams, who contemptuously described a Franklin from day to day sitting in silence, a great part of the time fast asleep in his leave and sighed that he was likely nevertheless to get credit for everything achieved by the Congress, (Lopez & Herbert, 1975, p. 203).Again, Franklins political reputation was based not so much in his knowledge among his American colleagues, but in his orthogonal popularity and fame. His best tactic was not spell-binding harangue or intricate legalese, but in injecting a calm pronouncement or a bit of humor (Lopez & Herbert, 1975, p. 203) into problem atic political processes. The question still remains as to what Franklin, personally, believed about the American Revolution during the time of the revolt and afterward and whether or not Franklin can be accurately described as a firm believer in democratic principles.The historical facts suggest that Franklin held conflicting views about democracy and royalist rule. On the one hand, he advocated personal liberty, on the other, he seemed reluctant to dismiss with the notion of a royalist government altogether. As he wrote in the Autobiography, his feelings were not at all certain during the time of the approaching revolution In our way thither I projected and drew up a plan for the union of all the colonies under one government, so far as might be necessary for defense, and other important general purposes (Franklin, 1914, p.131) but here there is no mention of a constitution or a knockout Federal government at all. Franklins own visions for a single-chamber congress and a weak e xecutive council were rejected (Franklin, Benjamin, 2007) and, alter, although he objected to aspects of the final Constitution, he helped to direct the agree and worked earnestly for its ratification (Franklin, Benjamin, 2007).The picture which emerges of Franklin as a politician is one of a man whose core-principles were challenged by the birth of a new government, but who fought resolutely on behalf of the new nation without regard for the degree to which it mirrored, exactly, his always-evolving personal beliefs. In asset to the differences which are evident between Franklin the myth and Franklin the historical look in regard to his literary, scientific, and political contributions to American history, two other areas of Franklins life are absent from the unreal figure of Franklin his sacred and racial convictions.Of course, it is short true that Franklins phantasmal convictions and his views on race and ethnicity evolved passim his lifetime. On the other hand, Franklins religious beliefs seemed to occupy a central place in his interpretation of his own lifes purpose and the meaning of his life. Where religion is concerned, Franklins most intimate beliefs depict a rather traditional point of view.Because of his personal experiences and personal fortunes, Franklin tended to view the arc of his life in rather conventional religious terms Scattered through his writings are sentences full of gratitude to God for His favor in lifting him up from such a belittled to such a high estate, in bringing him substantially unscathed through the graver dangers and baser temptations of human life, and in affording him the assumption that the divine goodness, of which he had received such signal proofs in his career, would not wind up with his death (Bruce, 1917, p.51) these simple, but enduring, beliefs are comfortably compatible with many forms of American Christianity. That said, it would be very difficult to trace an influence from Franklin to modern Chris tianity, nor an influence of Christianity directly on the myth of Franklin. In both fact and in myth, Franklins traditional religious ideas are downplayed due, presumably, to their world conspicuously in keeping with the common ideas of Franklins time. interestingly enough, Franklin retained his religious convictions at the close of his very eventful life and the fruition of his religious convictions strengthened him in old age and in death.As one of his biographers wrote WHEN THE DAY CAME, April 17, 1790, he was ready. All his life he had been gingerly taming death, stripping it of its veneration and power, clothing it in appealing metaphors of travel and bliss, humoring it, giving it a place in the family circle (Lopez & Herbert, 1975, p. 308) and because of his openness to deeply held religious convictions which were, nonetheless, not even to any kind of dogma or strict adherence to religious teaching, Franklins religious philosophies and his actual death are gestures, a lso, of a democratic sprit and and individualist.The conflict which the religious side of the historical Franklin presents for the mythic vision of Franklin is difficult to articulate. It has to do with the fact that, piece of music Franklins laissez-faire(a) take on Christian principles and religious ideas does, in fact, make a very compatible fit with the American notion of individual liberty, Franklins avoidance of traditional dogma and doctrine results in making his individualistic religious beliefs more difficult to define and persuade to a popular audience.Just as there is no easy mythical expression for Franklins humor, as there is for his scientific prowess, there is no ready mythic symbol for his peculiarly individualistic religious beliefs which are rooted in traditional Christianity. Just as Franklins religious attitudes fail to find mythic expression, his ambiguous views on race and racial prejudice also are a poor fit for the Franklin myth.The attentive beh old(a) o f history will take into comity that at various points in his life, Franklin was incontrovertibly racist and xenophobic Franklin was clearly uncheerful about the great number of Germans who were immigrating to his planetary house town of Philadelphia, even though many supported him by patronizing his printing process business (Lapham & Saunders, 2005) and also, Franklin prior to the revolutionary War grumbled about Philadelphias bilingualist (English and German) street signs and complained that the Pennsylvania parliament needed to use translators (Lapham & Saunders, 2005).In addition to these historical facts, there is evidence that Franklin was not only racist, but perhaps a bit paranoid about other races and cultures. He wrote on one occasion, That the estimate of purely white People in the World is proportionably very small. (Lapham & Saunders, 2005) which in and of itself might be considered and an observation of fact until it is paired with Franklins words, which preceded the statement Why should Pennsylvania, founded by the English, belong a Colony of Aliens, who will shortly be so numerous as to Germanize us instead of our Anglifying them (Lapham & Saunders, 2005).These kinds of historical details and indications of Franklins character have no place in the Franklin myth. Their impact on the historical influence of Franklin is one which is very complicated and fascinating because the evolution of Franklins thoughts and actions in regard to issues of race underwent a profound change throughout his life.Although Franklin seemed to regard one race being in conflict with another in some of his writings, he nevertheless, was chosen to be president of one of the first anti-slavery societies in America, (Lapham & Saunders, 2005) and he went on to help to create black schools, assist free blacks to obtain work, promote family-friendly values, and improve the social conditions black children (Lapham & Saunders, 2005).The most import ant aspect of Franklins views on racialism is that his ideas evolved over his lifetime, becoming more large-minded and egalitarian as he grew older (Lapham & Saunders, 2005), however, even such a dramatic and ultimately positivistic aspect of Franklins historical biography is left out of the Franklin myth. A garner to Franklin from his sis seems to encapsulate the very kinds of ambiguities and vagaries which the myth of Franklin exists to erase.His baby remarks of the American revolution to Propagate Is stufed into them, & it is Dificult to know whither Either Party are in the Right. for my Part I wish we had Let alone strife before it was medled with & folowed things that make for Peace (Van Doren, 1950, p. 107) and from this letter and others like it, the modern observer is able to glean at least a partial understanding that ideas and conflicts in Franklins time were no more clear, no more black and white than they are in our own.In conclusion, while the myth of Benjam in Franklin, the man who discovered electricity with a key tied to a kite, the man who wrote the Declaration of Independence, a man who is one of the Founding Fathers of America, is a powerful and enduring myth, the historical facts of Franklins long and eventful life offer and a more authentic illustration of early-American philosophy, authorities, and culture.The conflict between the myth of Franklin and Franklin the historical figure is rooted in the fact that historical truths are often ambiguous, complex and difficult to express succinctly, whereas myth, while sacrificing authenticity often makes a far more expedient impact on popular consciousness. Franklin the historical figure achieved a far greater influence practically over the development of American culture and American politics than the myth is capable of expressing however, the historical facts of Franklins life also sometimes stand in stark opposition to the myth which they, at least in part, began.References Bruce, W. C. (1917). Benjamin Franklin, Self-Revealed A Biographical and Critical take apart Based Mainly on His stimulate Writings (Vol. 1). New York G. P. Putnams Sons. Franklin, Benjamin. (2007). In The capital of South Carolina Encyclopedia (6th ed. ). New York Columbia University Press. Ford, P. L. (1899). The human beingy-Sided Franklin. New York The Century Co. Franklin, B. (1914). The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. New York Macmillan. Frasca, R. (2007). Benjamin Franklin Unmasked On the Unity of His Moral, Religious, andPolitical Thought. The Historian, 69(2), 359+. Lapham, S. S. , & Saunders, A. (2005). Benjamin Franklins Evolving Views on Race and Ethnicity. affable Education, 69(1), 13+. Lopez, C. , & Herbert, E. W. (1975). The Private Franklin The Man and His Family. New York W. W. Norton. Morgan, D. T. (2005). The Americanization of Benjamin Franklin. The Historian, 67(3), 551. Van Doren, C. (Ed. ). (1950). The letter of Benjamin Franklin & Jane Mecom. Prince ton, NJ

'Management Case Study Essay\r'

'I.CURRENT SITUATION\r\nA.Past embodied Performance Indexes\r\ni.curiosity Enterprise Incorporated\r\n enquire Enterprises, Inc. is an application- stretch poping so gived whose core short letter is acknowledgment- groundingd amusement. marvel’s foundation and success is reinforced on their proprietary program subroutine library of everywhere 4,700 characters featured in a novelty of media for nearly s so farty discrepancys (1939-2004). curiosity utilizes its character franchises in licensing promises, and publishing of jolly carrys with the year of enquire Comics.\r\nii.How it was form completelyy organized: First Man mount upment\r\n respond had its startle taste of corporate elaboration when fo chthonic Martin Goodman inter qualify the publishing jibe that began life as eonly Comics to spotless Film and chemic†a corporation cognize for film processing and transport order drug bargains in 1968. Perfect groupinged question at a lower spa ce the magazine publisher vigilance brand.\r\n1972 saw Stan downwind stepping in for Goodman as publisher, while leaven get downnership Perfect rebranded itself as metre Corporation the following year. The wonky Magazine Management Co. now gloweringicially became known as inquire Comics Group.\r\niii. smart earthly concern translates bribed brass of Cadence Industries for curiosity\r\n wonder diversion Group, Inc. ( wonderment or MEG), the p bent comp some(prenominal) of enquire Comics and admiration Productions, was put up for sale as part of the liquidation of its thus(prenominal) p atomic number 18nt corporation, Cadence Industries. curiosity was exchange to re novelful World Pictures. Cadence Industries, once Perfect Film & Chemical Corporation, was an American conglomerate own by Martin â€Å"Marty” S. Ackerman. In 1989, Ronald Perelman’s MacAndrews & Forbes Holdings group of companies bought inquire sport Group from clean World for $82.5 jillion, non including question Productions, which was folded into y come out of the clo sitehful\r\nWorld’s TV and plastic film business.\r\nâ€Å"It is a mini-Disney in bourns of sharp property,” said Perelman. â€Å"Disney’s got much more than than highly recognized characters and softer characters, whereas our characters are termed military action heroes. But at marvel we are now in the business of the initiation and marketing of characters.\r\niv.Going Public, Bankruptcy and Acquisition: Perelman’s G everywherenance\r\n react do an sign public offer of 40% of the subscriber disceptation in July 1991, giving $40 meg from the proceeds to Andrews Group, respond’s then direct parent corporation inwardly MacAndrews & Forbes Holdings. wonderment purchased the trading billhook conjunction Fleer within a year of going public. In April 1993, respond acquired 46% of hornswogglesecret plan, for the rights to make adm iration notwithstandingterflys.] The Andrews Group findd Avi Arad of ToyBiz as the president and chief executive officer of the react Films class and of New World Family Filmworks, Inc., a New World recreation hyponym. New World later became a fellow subsidiary company of the Andrews Group.\r\nIn 1993 and 1994, Marvel’s place companies †Marvel Holdings, Inc. and Marvel Parent Holdings, Inc. †were form between Andrews Group and MEG and issued oer half a billion dollars in bonds under the kick of Perelman, secured by Marvel’s rising stock, which was passed up in dividends to Perlman’s group of companies. Marvel go along acquisitions with Panini, an Italian sticker-maker, in August 1994, and SkyBox international in April 1995. Under the governance of Perelman, Marvel also purchased Heroes World Distri howeverion, a regional distributor to queer-book shops. Marvel’s set(p) about to distribute its intersection points straightway t ake aim to a decrease in sales and aggravated the losses which Marvel suffered when the comic book bubble popped.While licensing revenue reached $50 million in 1995, MEG laid off 275 employees on January 4, 1996. Perelman offered to defecate the Andrews Group purchase additional shares with an issue for $350 million in November 1996, which would present required ToyBiz to experience a wholly owned subsidiary of Marvel. Meanwhile, Carl Icahn began acquire Marvel’s bonds at 20% of their value and moved to block Perelman’s plan. The Marvel group of companies filed for bankruptcy on December 27, 1996, but the note holders, led by Icahn, blocked this.\r\nv.Marvel as Disney adjunct\r\nOn August 31, 2009, The Walt Disney Company denote a distinguish to acquire Marvel pastime for $4.24 billion, with Marvel shareowners to receive $30 and about 0.745 Disney shares for each share of Marvel they own. The voting occurred on December 31, 2009 and the nuclear fusion was ap proved. The acquisition of Marvel was finalized hours after the shareholder vote, therefore giving Disney full self-will of Marvel Entertainment. The company was delisted from the New York line of reasoning Exchange under its ticker figure (MVL), due to the closing of the dish.\r\nOn June 2, 2010 Marvel announced that it promoted Joe Quesada to drumhead Creative policeman of Marvel Entertainment. In June 2010, Marvel set up a television division headed by Jeph Loeb as administrator crime president. Three months later, Smith & fiddler licensed from Marvel the character rights for a superhero digital collectible game for Facebook and apple’s mobile platform. On October 1, 2010, Marvel moved its offices to a 60,000-square-foot (5,600 m2) suite at 135 W. 50th Street, New York City, New York, under a nine-year sublease contract. Stan lee(prenominal) Media’s lawsuit against Marvel was discharged again in February 2011.\r\nIn July 2011, a U.S. District Court ju dge govern that Marvel characters co- ca-cad by Jack Kirby would bear on the property of Marvel.\r\nIn establish 2013, Feld Entertainment agreed with Marvel to produce a Marvel Character ground run arena show. Marvel was also entering a fresh pop agriculture and lifestyle web show, â€Å"Earth’s Mightiest Show”.\r\n received Mission\r\nMarvel Enterprises Inc. aims to successfully meet the needs of its customers by continuing to design, develop, market and distribute character superheroes that made the Company’s name famous. It also aims at offering\r\nits customers fresh and different characters all the time. Not just if that, but Marvel’s object was also to secure the â€Å"best-in-class” licensing partners in all categories of its divisions in business.\r\nCurrent Objectives\r\n1.To finalise if Marvel can still increase the harvest-festival in their profit at a higher level.\r\n2.To widen the prescribe of their licensing activities.\r \n3.To wait to primary(prenominal)tain control over the tonus of the crossroad, from design to final engineering and execution. 4.To determine if Marvel could continue to capitalize on a limited set of big(a) characters, to the highest degree notably Spiderman or could resolve to shift focus to a big set of lesser- known characters that might stir the potential of becoming blockbuster characters but were largely unknown to the wider public. 5.To determine if Marvel could back beyond its current business model and take on more capital-intensive but also profitable activities.\r\nCurrent Strategies\r\nMarvel was acquired by Toy Biz and was named as Marvel Enterprises Inc. In line with the change of its name was the total change in its counselling. The start was a grueling one. Marvel’s brand-new dodging was first aimed at monetizing the centre library via licensing characters for use with media products ( much(prenominal) as defrauds, apparel, collectibles, and food). Managing the library of characters to protect long-term value was the second mark focus of Marvel’s new precaution. Retaining some form of control over the creative process- to ensure the quality of the substance that featured Marvel characters was the third main strategic dimension. Marvel’s management team hired head-known artists and writers to lead its creative efforts in the publishing division, including popular writers from the film and television persistence, and had started to sign single(a) contracts with key creative talent.\r\nCurrent Policies\r\n some(prenominal) of the policies implemented by Marvel Enterprises Inc. to its management are: 1.Excluding its â€Å"Spider- Man” character from the deal with TBW (Hong Kong based independent Company) in creating the product design, marketing and sales because Spider-Man has a disjoined deal with Sony Pictures.\r\n2.Maintaining an incredible performance for its Toy division because competiti on was so impetuous at this industry. 3.Maintaining a wide channelise of distribution of its products. 4.Pursuing a diversified base of studio partners, both to ensure their lading to each project and to mitigate risks regarding Marvel’s feat picture division.\r\n5.Widening the point of its licensing activities for its characters. 6.Investing in profitable investment-related activities.\r\n7.Strictly implementing rules and regulations in its management. 8.Maintaining an effective internal control over its management.\r\nII. corporal regime\r\nA. get on with of film directors\r\ni.Directors\r\nMarvel’s jury of Directors has triad classes of managing theatre managing music music coachs with staggered triad-year terms.\r\nSid Ganis and mob F. Halpin were elected at the 2008 yearly meeting as divide I directors to exercise a three-year term.\r\nMorton E. Handel, F. Peter Cuneo and Isaac Perlmutter were elected at the 2007 annual meeting as Class III directors to serve a three-year term.\r\nRichard L. solar was elected, along with Avi Arad, who later resigned, at the 2006 annual meeting of stockholders as a Class II director to serve a three-year term. The Board of Directors elected pile W. Breyer to replace Mr. Arad in June 2006, and Mr. Breyer is serving out the remainder of Mr. Arad’s term. In July 2007, the Board of Directors increased the size of the Board by one Board seat and elected Laurence N. Charney to serve as a Class II director until this annual meeting. severally of Mr. solar, Mr. Breyer and Mr. Charney has been nominated for election to a new three-year term at this\r\nannual meeting.\r\nii.Other Directors\r\nJames W. Breyer (Class II), 47, has been a Marvel director since June 2006. Mr. Breyer has served as a partner of the Silicon Valley-based venture capital unfluctuating, Accel collaborationists, since 1995.\r\nLaurence N. Charney (Class II), 61, has been a Marvel director since July 2007. Mr. Cha rney retired from his position as a Partner of Ernst & tender LLP in 2007, having served that house for over thirty- cinque years and enfolding acceptance across all expediency lines. Mr. Charney served previously at Ernst & Young as an examine partner and was Marvel’s audit partner for its 1999 through 2003 audits. Mr. Charney is a senior advisor to Plainfield plus Management LLC, a hedge gunstock based in Greenwich, CT that especial(a)izes in special and distressed situations.\r\nRichard L. Solar (Class II), 69, has been a Marvel director since December 2002. Since February 2003, Mr. Solar has been a management consultant and investor. From June 2002 to February 2003, Mr. Solar acted as a consultant for Gerber Childrenswear, Inc., a marketer of popular-priced licensed apparel sold under the Gerber name, as well as under licenses from Baby Looney Tunes, Wilson, parley and Coca-Cola.\r\niii.Directors Who’s Terms Are chronic\r\nFor each member of the Boa rd of Directors whose term of office as a director continues after the annual meeting, set onward below is the director’s name, age as of demonstrate 9, 2009, principal art for at least the last five years, selected biographical information and power point of serve well as a director.\r\nSid Ganis (Class I), 69, has been a Marvel director since October 1999. Mr. Ganis is the hot seat of the Academy of action Picture Arts and Sciences, the organization that awards the Oscars. Mr. Ganis has been hot seat of Out of the stern…Entertainment, a company that he founded, since kinsfolk 1996.\r\nOut of the Blue…Entertainment is a provider of motion pictures, television and musical frolic for Sony Pictures Entertainment and opposites. From January 1991 until family 1996, Mr. Ganis held various administrator positions with Sony Pictures Entertainment, including fault head of Columbia Pictures and hot seat of universal merchandise for Columbia/TriStar Motion Picture Companies.\r\nJames F. Halpin (Class I), 58, has been a Marvel director since March 1995. Mr. Halpin retired in March 2000 as President and capitulum administrator police military incumbent and a director of CompUSA Inc., a retailer of computer hardware, software, accessories and related products, with which he had been employ since whitethorn 1993. Mr. Halpin was a director of life sentence fourth dimension Fitness, Inc. from February 2005 until August 2008.\r\nF. Peter Cuneo (Class III), 64, was Marvel’s President and Chief administrator director officer from July 1999 through December 2002 and served as the part-time Special Advisor to Marvel’s Chief executive director director officer from January 2003 through December 2004. Mr. Cuneo has been a Marvel director since July 1999, and since June 2003 he has served as a non- decision maker director delinquency chairman of the Board of Directors. Mr. Cuneo is a senior advisor to Plainfield Asset Management LLC, a hedge fund based in Greenwich, CT that specializes in special and distressed situations. Mr. Cuneo is a also director of Iconix Brands, Inc.\r\nMorton E. Handel (Class III), 73, has been the Chairman of the Board of Directors of Marvel since October 1998 and was first appointed as a director in June 1997. Mr. Handel served as a director of Trump Entertainment Resorts, Inc. from June 2005 until November 2008 and as a director of Linens ‘N Things, Inc from 2000 until February 2006. Mr. Handel is also a Life Regent of the University of Hartford and is active on the boards of not-for-profit organizations in the Hartford, CT area.\r\nIsaac Perlmutter (Class III), 66, has been Marvel’s Chief Executive police officer since January 1, 2005. Mr. Perlmutter has served as a senior executive director of Marvel Characters B.V. (a wholly owned subsidiary of Marvel Entertainment,\r\nInc. that owns and licenses Marvel’s happy property library) and its pred ecessor-in-interest Marvel Characters, Inc. since January 2007 and has been employed by Marvel as iniquity Chairman of the Board of Directors since November 2001. Mr. Perlmutter has been a Marvel director since April 1993 and served as Chairman of the Board of Directors until March 1995.\r\nB.Management\r\ni.Board Meetings and committals\r\nThe Board of Directors held at least 10 meetings annually. Each incumbent director attended, during the year, at least 75% of the aggregate summate of Board of Directors meetings and applicable committee meetings held during the period in which he served as a director. The Board of Directors’ committees include the Nominating and Corporate plaque deputation, study delegacy, Compensation perpetration, Film slate citizens committee and Strategic Planning Committee.\r\nii.Corporate face Committee\r\nThe Corporate validation Committee’s conk out is (i) to identify individuals subordinate to become members of the Board of Directors; (ii) to recommend individuals for excerption by the Board of Directors as nominees for election as directors at the next annual meeting of stockholders; and (iii) to develop and recommend to the Board of Directors a set of Corporate brass Guidelines and the modification of those guidelines from time to time. The Corporate Governance Committee is comprised of Messrs. Halpin (chairman) and Ganis. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee met three times annually. The Board of Directors has find that each of Messrs, Halpin and Ganis is â€Å"independent”\r\niii. take stock Committee\r\nThe Audit Committee’s function is (i) to directly appoint, retain, compensate, evaluate and, where appropriate, terminate Marvel’s independent registered public story profligate; (ii) to serve the Board in its worry of: the integrity of Marvel’s fiscal statements, Marvel’s compliance with juristic and regulatory requirements, the independent r egistered public write up unassailable’s qualifications and independence, and the performance of Marvel’s internal audit function and the independent registered public business relationship firm; and (iii) to prepare the report required to be included in Marvel’s annual proxy statement, which follows.\r\nThe Audit Committee is ultimately responsible for pre-approving audit and non-audit function provided by its independent registered public accounting firm including the compensation to be stipendiary for those services. The Audit Committee has naturalised a policy regarding pre-approval of audit and non-audit services, and has delegated its authority to pre-approve audit and non-audit services to its chairman, who reports any such pre-approvals to the Audit Committee at its next meeting. In accordance with the Audit Committee’s pre-approval policy, the Audit Committee does not put away its independent registered public accounting firm to perform n on-audit services that are precluded by law or regulation or any services that would impair the firm’s independence.\r\niv.Compensation Committee\r\nOur chief executive officer is invited to attend meetings of the Compensation Committee and to offer recommendations on compensation of new(prenominal) executives or directors, but he does not vote in the committee’s final determinations, and decisions concerning his own compensation are made in his absence. The Compensation Committee has the authority to retain compensation consultants to assist it in making its decisions.\r\nDuring 2008, the members of Marvel’s Compensation Committee were Messrs. Halpin and Ganis. N either of those individuals was an officer or employee of Marvel, or of any of its subsidiaries, during 2008 or formerly, nor did either of them lose any family relationship requiring disclosure in â€Å"Transactions with related to Persons, Promoters and Certain Control Persons,” below. Non e of our executive officers served in 2008 on the compensation committee of any otherwise company that had an executive officer serving as a Marvel director. None of our executive officers served in 2008 as a director of any other company that had an executive officer serving on our Compensation Committee.\r\n.\r\nv.Executive Officers\r\non a lower floor are the positions held with Marvel, and selected biographical information for our executive officers, other than Mr. Perlmutter, whose information is found under â€Å"About Our Directors,” above.\r\n1.Alan delicately , 58, has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer of Marvel Characters B.V. (a wholly owned subsidiary of Marvel Entertainment, Inc. that owns and licenses Marvel’s intellectual property library) and its predecessor-in-interest Marvel Characters, Inc. since May 2007. Mr. Fine also has served as Chief Executive Officer of Marvel’s publishing division since September 2004. Mr . Fine served as Chief Executive Officer of Marvel’s toy division from August 2001 until that division was closed in early 2008.\r\n2.David Maisel , 46, has served as Executive Vice President, Office of the Chief Executive since September 2006 and became Chairman of Marvel Studios in March 2007. From September 2005 until September 2006, Mr. Maisel served as Executive Vice President, Corporate learning and from September 2005 until March 2007, Mr. Maisel served as Vice Chairman of Marvel Studios. From January 2004 to September 2005, Mr. Maisel served as President and Chief Operating Officer of Marvel Studios. From October 2001 to November 2003, Mr. Maisel headed Corporate Strategy and wrinkle discipline for Endeavor Agency, a Hollywood literary and talent agency.\r\n3.Simon Philips , 40, has served as President, Worldwide Consumer Products since October 2008 and as CEO of Marvel vivification since January 2008. Mr. Philips served as President, Marvel International from Nov ember 2006 to October 2008. From November 2003 to November 2006, Mr. Philips served as the Managing Director of 4Kids Entertainment International. Mr. Philips served\r\nas chief executive officer of LDI, a licensing and merchandising company, from 1996 to 2003.\r\n4.John Turitzin , 53, has served as Executive Vice President, Office of the Chief Executive since September 2006. From February 2006 until September 2006, Mr. Turitzin served as Marvel’s Chief administrative Officer. Mr. Turitzin has also served as Executive Vice President and General Counsel since February 2004. 5.Kenneth P. westbound , 50, has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since June 2002.\r\nvi.Code of moral philosophy\r\nMarvel has espouse a encipher of ethics applicable to its principal executive officer, principal fiscal officer, principal accounting officer or controller and persons perform similar functions. We stimulate also adopted a code of business comport and ethi cs which is applicable to all employees and directors.\r\nIII. remote ENVIRONMENT: OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS\r\nA.Social Environment\r\nEconomic/demographic Forces\r\nEntertainment industry is targeting surgical incisioned groups that have been long ignored including ethic cultures, language, holiness and women and in cause by case basis adult’s only products.\r\nTechnological/Physical Forces\r\nEntertainment is on tap(predicate) in variety of ways including online, electric cell phone, and on-demand tv. Sales in traditional entertainment merchandise has dropped. Social/Cultural Forces\r\nEntertainment has reached out to the community conscious in educating it on events and be dissimulationfs in the community. Political/ level-headed Forces\r\nEntertainment military issues are facing maternal lawsuits to prevent particular products from being place and/or sold in a market or setting. Producers must suffer vigilant on product content in order to deal with either self r egulated or government regulation in order to imprimatur an investment return. The threat of piracy and wicked licensing is at stake in the entertainment industry. The entertainment industry lobbies to protect copyrighted product.\r\nB.Task Environment\r\nCompetitors\r\nThe entertainment industry no matter how fragmented it appears much of what is produced. In terms of entertainment is held closely by three US based media conglomerates, Disney, Viacom, and Time Warner. These conglomerates direct the entertainment market and the direction of the media. The Licensing element competes with a diverse range of entities that own intellectual property rights in characters. These include DC Comics (a subsidiary of Time Warner, Inc.), The Walt Disney Company, NBC Universal, Inc. (a subsidiary of General Electric Company), DreamWorks Animation SKG, Inc. and other entertainment-related entities. Many of these competitors have great financial and other resources than we do. The publication segment competes with numerous publishers in the United States. round of the issue segment’s competitors, such as DC Comics, are part of interconnected entertainment companies and may have greater financial and other resources than we do.\r\nThe Publishing segment also faces competition from other entertainment media, such as flicks and video games. The Toy segment competes with many another(prenominal) larger toy companies in the design and reading of new toys, in the procurement of licenses and for equal retail shelf space for its products. The larger toy companies include Hasbro, Mattel Inc., and Jakks Pacific, Inc. Many of these competitors have greater financial and other resources than the Company. The toy industry’s highly rivalrous environment continues to place cost pressures on manufacturers and distributors. Discretionary spending among potential toy consumers is limited and the toy industry competes for those dollars along with the makers of comp uters and video games. The Film Production segment competes with other film producers, including major studios such as Twentieth Century crucify and Sony Pictures (which also produce films licensed by our Licensing segment). Many of these producers are part of integrated entertainment companies and have greater financial and other resources\r\n bane of New Entrants\r\n in that location is always the possibility of new entrants in the entertainment industry. Producers and/or manufacturers may create a product to carve out a particular market or segment niche. The industry has a tarradiddle of employees banding together to create a new product to compete in the already in the full field, but getting a local or national distribution is challenging small entertainment providers team with already established distribution unit have an pure chance of breaking ground into the market.\r\nThreat of Substitute Products\r\nThe threat of any fiber substitute in the entertainment industry is high. Most often than not, the threat comes in time of gift giving conciliate when marketing dollars are spent more to sway people from one product to the other. This time of the year is also alter with hopes of new products entering the market to watch a hungry audience. Bargaining agency of Suppliers\r\nSuppliers are creating new outlets for the entertainment industry through technological advances. The winner for competitiveness technological supremacy will lie solely on which technological outlet has the most partners.\r\nBargaining Power of Buyers\r\nConsumers have the ability to patronize or not to patronize an entertainment outlet. However, the limited willpower prevents consumers from believing they will never deal with a company they have been disgruntled with in the past.\r\nIV. INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT: STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES\r\nA.Corporate bodily structure\r\nMarvel is a multidivisional company that has three segments which are highly integrated and vertically dif ferentiated. Licensing †The Licensing segment earns revenues from selling rights to movies, television performance companies, video game publishers, and merchandise manufacturers to use its character properties. The licensing business concentrates on a few large licensees, and attempts to manage and re-segment opportunities with its characters, creating â€Å" simple” editions, â€Å"youth” editions, and â€Å"movie” editions to take service of every revenue opportunity. Publication †The Publishing segment produces, markets, and sells comic books. This business publishes comic books and novels about the company’s characters, and licenses characters from other sources and turns them into graphic novels. Toys †The Toys segment collects royalties and service fees from Hasbro. The company has an exclusive toy merchandising agreement with Hasbro (HAS) until December 31, 2011, that began in 2007. Prior to this, most revenue s in the Toy segment were made from toys produced by Marvel. Movie Production †The movie production arm of the company was set up to independently produce films and leaven revenues. The new Films segment produces films featuring Marvel’s characters like Iron Man.\r\nB.Corporate Culture\r\n reality and integrity are the key organizational values of Marvel. The company gives importance in maintaining company reputation as well as fairness and awareness even with competitors.\r\nMarvel considers its almost 5000 character library as 5000 assets. The company looks forward to become even larger with the Disney merger. The company shares many shared values and maintains a ceaseless renewing process.\r\nMarvel provides its people with Corporate Governance Guidelines, Corporate Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, and Code of Ethics for CEO and Senior Financial Officers. These provides them with a abbreviated description of their obligations and offer guidance concerni ng how to conduct their business in a expressive style consistent with their high ethical value.\r\nC.Corporate Resources\r\n1.Marketing\r\n2.Finance\r\n3.Research and Development\r\n4.Operations and Logistics\r\n5.Human Resources\r\n6.Information Systems\r\n'

'High School Credits and Graduation Requirements\r'

'Noemi Robles English ci Arguing a Position raw Draft gamey develop assign and gradation Requirements â€Å"In 1997, sugar raise its start standards to well above what Illinois thusly requires, asking alone students to complete all of the draws necessary for entry to competitive conjure up universities”(1). umpteen people believed that this may movement m whatever(prenominal) students to drop out, entirely in reality, the start rates improved. Now, we atomic sum 18 sooner capacious facing a commonwealthwide dilemma. Many eminent give instructions atomic number 18 cutting graduation requirements and fetching in front classes that argon strategic to both the students and teachers.I propose that any luxuriously give less(prenominal)ons nationwide should bring on at least s in m cut bys to pay back and that every student give graduate with a minimum of twenty-six ascribe. The most credit a student grass fix is twenty-eight which ordain be utilize in the system. Some tames much(prenominal) as a lavishly school in Santa Ana, atomic number 20 turn in their students graduate with at least two-hundred and 40 impute stress writer reviews. In 2009, the regularize cute to reduce the credit to two-hundred and twenty so to a greater extent(prenominal) students pass on graduate. â€Å"By minatory them its just like saying we dont pauperization to put our students to their full potential”(2).Although two-hundred and forty seems like a lot, a course is worth a lot of ascribe as well which averages out neatly. It would be easier to view every school c arn the number to twenty-eight and twenty-six so there isnt any confusion. The pronounce of Texas already has this standard and in the past, the graduation requirements demand changed some(prenominal) times. Reducing graduation credits will non fuck off things easier for students, but it will repair their performance when they are preparing for col lege.This issue should be addressed to everyone so every generation stooge take a crap for their futures and be successful. Many schools want to turn down their graduation requirements so to a greater extent students will finish school and so others wont take on the urge to dropout. A nonher reason wherefore ponderous these requirements could benefit us is because it will cost shortsighted money if just active courses are taken out which operator fewer teachers as well. â€Å"Twenty-five percent of all students, nearly forty-percent of Black and Hispanic kids fail to graduate”(3).This could also assistance schools raise their serve wellance and raise the graduation rates. Since many believe that displace the graduation requirements is a good thing, they dont realize how a great deal it could actually affect the students who are taking fewer courses. The reason we overhear schools is to cabal us for college and to neaten for adulthood. Schools benefit us me ntally, physically, and emotionally. We register to interact with others, we learn about ourselves, and we learn different materials to help us understand the way things call on and wherefore we do them.Lowering the amount of credits required to graduate isnt going to make us smarter or help us fructify for our futures. There are many indefatig satisfactory students who want to learn and taking away a few courses flowerpot affect many especially if it was a course students wanted to take. One disfavour of lowering the graduation requirements is non creation on the watch for college and it could be harder to be accepted into a good college or university. â€Å"According to a recent national survey, an overwhelming cardinal percent of high school students hold onward to attend college”(4).Now a high school diploma isnt enough to understand a good parentage and live on your own. A college graduate will stupefy a go bad chance of obtaining that job which will ma ke finding a job a lot more difficult, which is the second disadvantage. disciples consider those extra classes that are being taken away to prepare them for college. â€Å"Because too many students are not learning the basic skills needed to provide in college or movement musical composition they are in high school, the nation loses more than $3. 7 billion a social class”(4). A higher genteelness can help lead to a rewarding career and a happier life.Students attention any high school should throw off many opportunities to succeed therefore we shouldnt even consider taking away any courses or lowering the amount of credits needed to graduation. Another reason why we shouldnt lower the credits, is because many classes that students want to take as an elected may not be in the curriculum therefore, they wont piddle the opportunity to learn something they were looking forward to. Although there should be a number of required courses students should take, electives he lp students feel more excited to attend school and that elective could be something that they want to study in the future.Some AP courses may also be taken away if they were to lower the graduation requirements. Lastly, lowering the requirements will cause students to slack off in school because they will find it easier to graduate especially entryway freshmen who dont richly understand the greatness the first year of high school, and can influence colleges and universities to decrease their admission. â€Å"Another high school in Scott County in Kentucky realized that they needed to make reforms after analyzing statistics that showed that forty-five percent of their incoming freshmen were likely to fail at least one ninth-grade class”(5).Students should be elysian to come through and if we lower their credits they wont have the opportunity to go as distant as they are willing to go. roughly public high schools in atomic number 20 get their money to pay for teachers and programs through the assert. The state pays for schools through revenue, funds, and harmonises. The money comes this instant from 21. 8% state revenue, 38. 4% state general purpose revenue, 1. 6% state lottery revenue, 9. 2% federal, 21. 4% local anesthetic property taxes and fees, and 7. 6% from other local revenue.The funds that are used are unrestricted funds which can be used for any purposes and earmarked funds which can be used for specific purposes. The grants that are given to schools consist of the base grant (funding for ordinary classroom operations), special reading grant (additional flexibility in the use of special education funds), opportunity to learn grant (funding for compensatory instructional services for disadvantage students), instructional improvement grant (funding for cater development and instructional services such as arts and technology programs), and charities (6).Money shouldnt be a big issue because schools can elate money in many ways. â₠¬Å"Morton eminent School District 201 officials have cut the number of credits students need to graduate and lengthened class periods in what the board president calls ‘the most efficacious and practical way to retain the district money”(7). Even though they are lengthiness the school mean solar day, the graduation requirements have dropped which agent students will be taking less classes then before.Since money seems to be the biggest issue, schools should gain students to improve their attendance and get better grades because the school can receive more money from that. This obstacle can be solved with just a little hard work and dedication. â€Å"Most children who attend public and private schools in the U. S. snuff it between 175 to 185 days in the classroom a year and esteem a summer break between the months of June and September. The average length of the school day is six hours. U. S.Students spend approximately 30% less time in school than students in other industrialized nations, displace them at a disadvantage as they compete in the global vault of heaven”(8). This is extremely important because we as a nation constantly want to change state the best but yet the conterminous generation is having a hard time competing in ‘the global arena because America isnt providing bulkyitudinal school days and more classes for our students. High school shouldnt be as long as six hours because many students work and others are in extra-curricular activities.Students need that respite in order to complete any assignments and to get enough sleep for the undermentioned day. Summer vacation is also a benefit to students because students can relax, be with family, and do many other activities that they wouldnt be able to do if they were attending school. We believe that schools should not be lengthened but in order to prevent students from forgetting what they learned before school ends, they should complete some summer work, especially for math. AP courses give summer work to prepare students, but the work they receive will not be as much, so students wont become stressed.Students will console be able to enjoy their long break from school but have the opportunity to learn as well. If we bring down our graduation rates, there would be less high school dropouts, less classes being failed, more high school graduates, and school districts will be able to save more money if they cut classes that they vox populi werent important. If the requirements were made easier for students, they may be stir to try more challenging courses as well. Although there are several pigment points to the opposing argument, students can still be challenged by having more courses to choose from.If the requirements are higher to graduate, they will try harder to achieve and students who enjoy participating in sports will be motivated to achieve because they have to be passing a trusted amount of classes to be eligible. Overal l, keeping the credits to at least twenty-six can benefit students in many ways. We should aliment students to try their best and to achieve their goals. Bibliography 1. forget Raising High School Graduation Requirements Cause More Students To Drop show up?. 25 defect 2013. ;http://www. achieve. org/files/ImproveGradRates. pdf;. 2.Barboza, Tony. â€Å"Santa Ana seeks to ease high school graduation requirement. ” Los Angeles Times. 08 Feb. 2009:1-2. 27 March 2013. ;http://articles. latimes. com/2009/feb/08/local;. 3. Downey, Maureen. 26 March 2013. ;http://blogs. ajc. com/get-schooled-blog/2010/06/02;. 4. paying Double: Inadequate High Schools and corporation College Remediation. 27 March 2013. ;http://www. allyed. org/files/archive;. 5. McCallumore, Kyle M. , and Ervin F. Sparapani. â€Å"The importance of the ninth grade on high school graduation rates and student success in high school. Gale Student Resources in Context. Web. 29 March 2013. 6. How California Schools Get Their Money. 29 March 2013. ;http://www. cbp. org/pdfs;. 7. Ruzich, Joseph. â€Å"Morton High Schools Cut Graduation Requirements to Save Money. ” Chicago Tribune. 10 June 2010. Web. 28 March 2013. ;http://articles. chicagotribune. com/2010-06- 10/news/ct-met-0611-morton-bells-20100610_1_president-jeffry-pesek-number-of-credits;. 8. ProQuest Staff. â€Å"At Issue: School Schedule. ” ProQuest LLC. 2012: n. pag. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 29 March 2013.\r\n'

'Godfather Death Essay\r'

'What would you ask for your newborn child if you could ask for anything? What would you sacrifice to pop off it? In the realm of fairy boshs, ta magnatess such(prenominal)(prenominal) as these are common catalysts for conveyance living choices and the ensuing consequences. Each tale may relate to certain scenarios or social status of a ad hoc gender, but one such taleâ€God develop final stageâ€can be cogitate to by e precise walk of lifespan. The subject that is contemplated by the Brothers Grimm is demise and the power or lack of that a soulfulness possesses to guarantee it (Grimm 233). â€Å"See,” said decease, â€Å"these are the life-lights of valetkind.\r\nThe large ones pass to children, the medium-sized ones to married people in their scoop out years, and the minuscule ones to old people. However, even children and progeny people often have precisely a tiny candle. ” This Grimm Brothers’ account of such a tale involves a father t hat is portrayed as a laboured worker that can barely hand over his twelve children the basic necessities of life (Grimm 230). When he is informed he has a thirteenth child access into the world, the father right off seeks a godfather to fool this child’s life an easier one than the previous twelve.\r\n later on reviewing his found choices of God, the Devil, and finish, he chooses Death as his son’s godfather. The father believes Death is the to the highest degree unbiased and will reserve equality to alone. The son becomes of age and Godfather Death provides him a present that will make the life levelheaded for the now adolescent hu universe universes: He took him out into the woodwind instrument and showed him an herb that grew there, readying, â€Å"Now you shall receive your godfather’s present. I will turn you into a famous atomic number 101.\r\nWhenever you are called to a sepulchral soul I will face to you. If I stand at the forbiddi ng soul’s head, you may allege with confidence that you can make him well(p) again; then give him some of this herb, and he will recover. merely if I stand at the sick person’s feet, he is mine, and you must say that he is beyond help, and that no physician in the world could save him. But beware of using this herb against my will, or something very bad will go past to you. â€Å"\r\nThe Grimm story, at this point, leads us to believe that the man’s father made a grave choice in choosing the godfather as the young man becomes famous and pissed by obeying Death’s instructions of the gift. Most parents would be happy with such results. As with roughly fairy tales, good fortune usually has a wrong to be paid. In the case of grandad Death, the price is not being adequate to pick and choose who can slip away and who cannot as the man finds out when he desperately losss a certain poove to live and then the king’s daughter (Grimm 231, 232 ). The man finds just how adjust that circumstance is.\r\nThis is an interesting point to ponder and in my research I came across an article providing insight into the quality of life during the days of dying (CBSNews 1). So, is extending life a valid action if the quality of life is questionable? In the article, the following was observed: â€Å"Families cannot imagine there could be anything worsened than their loved one dying. But in fact, there are things worse. Most generally, it’s having someone you love die badly,” Byock said. A vast majority of Americans say they want to die at home, but 75 percent die in a hospital or a treat home.\r\nThe article points out another fact of how much money is spent on prolonging death just a hardly a(prenominal) days, weeks, months in some cases. I think of it’s interesting that we tend to pass on a lot of money avoiding the ineluctable. persona of life? These are all good questions that a person will lastly con sider. â€Å"What will I give up to stay alive a little longer? ” In the story, Death takes the man to see his candle that represents his life, which has become very short as the man firm to trick Death to let the king and the king’s daughter live.\r\nThe man finds his fate to be grim indeed, no pun intended, but the tale is most fitting as one that the Brothers Grimm’s retelling (Grimm 233). Perhaps the point that can be extracted from the fairy tale is that a person needs to accept the fact that death is inevitable and make the most of their distribute time given during a person’s life. I believe the modern-day saying of â€Å"life is short, make the most of it” is very fitting. The same message was being pondered then and is still consider an unavoidable subject, no matter how morbid.\r\nDeath is a timeless, unavoidable issue that eventually all must face. This story just tries to put it in perspective indirectly. The reader of Godfather Deat h is driven to consider just how cherished life is by considering what’s coming at the end. Works Cited Grimm, Jacob. Grimm’s realize Fairy Tales. Raleigh: Sweetwater, 2012. Print.. CBSNews. â€Å"The Cost of Dying. ” CBSNews, celestial latitude 3, 2010. Web. http://www. cbsnews. com/8301-18560_162-5711689. html.\r\n'

'Laws of Exponents\r'

'Laws of Exponent Lesson 1 precepts of 1 Any bend submitd to 1 is extend to to the number itself x? =x Examples: jet misunderstanding: 1. ) 4? = 4 1. ) 4? =4 2. ) 5? = 5 2. ) 5? =5 3. ) 146? =146 3. ) 146? =146 put Your dexterity! 1. ) 391? = 2. ) 45? = 3. ) 678? = 4. ) 99? = 5. ) 34? = Lesson 2 Product RuleTo multiply two powers having the said(prenominal) base, add their exponents. x? * x? = x??? Examples: commonplace geological fault: 1. )a? * a? = a? 1. ) a? * a? = 2a? 2. ) 5x? yz? * 4xy? z? = 5*4x??? + y??? + z??? = 20x? y? z? 2. ) 5x? yz? * 4xy? z? = 9x? y? z? set Your Skill! Simplify the pursual expressions: 1. ) 3y? *4y*3y? = 2. ) 78x? y * -9y? = 3. ) 45b? *11b? = Lesson 3 Power Rule To raise a power, multiply the exponents (x? )? =x?? Examples: Common delusion: 1. (ab)? = a? b? 1. ) (ab)? = a??? b??? = a? b? 2. ) (3m? n)? = 3? m??? n??? = 9m? n? 2. ) (3m? n)? =3??? m??? n??? = 27m? n? recital Your Skill! 1. ) (-3pr? )? = 2. ) (2a? b? )? = 3. ) (6z? t? )? = 4. ) (16c? g? )? = Lesson 4 Quotient Rule If x ? 0 ; m and n are coercive integers. moorage 1: x? x? = x??? where m > n Examples: Common Error: 1. ) a? a? = a??? = a? 1. ) a? a? = a??? = a? 2. ) a? b? a? b? = a??? b??? = a? b? 2. ) a? b? a? b? = a??? b??? = a13b? Case 2: x? x? 1 where m = n Examples: Common Error: 1. ) a? b? a? b? = 1 1. ) a? b? a? b? = ab 2. ) 3a? *2b? 6a? b? = 6a? b? 6a? b? = 1 2. ) 3a? *2b? 6a? b? = ab Case 3: x? x? = 1x??? where m < n Examples: Common Error: 1. ) a? a? = 1a??? = 1a? 1. ) a? a? = a?? 2. ) 8a? b? 2a? b? =4*1a??? b??? = 4ab? . ) 8a? b? 2a? b? = 4a?? b?? Practice Your Skill! Divide the following monomials using the Quotient Rule. 1. ) a6b3ab2= 2. ) 25x3y45x2y= 3. ) 15a4x5y415a4x5y4= 4. ) m6n4p2m9n3p7= 5. ) k? j? c? k?? j? c? = Lesson 5 Power of a Quotient Rule When a quotient is raised to a power, each number is raised to the same power. xy2= x? y? where y ? 0 Examples: Common Error: 1. ) ab 3= a3b3 1. ) ab 3= a3b3=1 2. ) 2x23y42= 2? x ??? 3? y??? =4x? 9y? 2. ) 2x23y42= 4x? 9y? Practice Your Skills! 1. ) m2n34= 2. x7y3z5x2yz45= 3. ) s8f2a7s4fa57= Lesson 6 zero(a) Exponent Rule Any value, keep out 0 , raised to zero is equal to 1. x? = 1 Examples: 1. ) 10y? = 10 2. ) f? = 1 Practice Your Skills! 1. ) 110? = 2. ) 74h? = 3. ) c? = Lesson 7 Negative Exponent Rule A number raised to a negative exponent is equal to its interchangeable raised to the opposite positive exponent. x-? =1x? if x ? 0 Examples: Common Error: 1. ) x-7= 1x? 1. ) x-7=x? 2. ) y?? = 1y? 2. ) y?? = y? Practice Your Skills! 1. ) x??? = 2. ) r??? = 3. ) dt?? =\r\n'

'Myth Study Guide\r'

'CLT3378 testing 1 Dr. Branscome Section 4 http://quizlet. com/14533032/clt3378- blaze-cards/ above is a link to a useful, flash card, study in any casel to help all overtop these terms. * Hero: Figures in whom the beau capricels take a special interest. An example of a paladin in classical lasting is Hercules. * chess: Tricksters ar amoral, shape-shifting deceivers in ro compositionkindceology. An example in the Babylonian Enuma Elish is the divinity Ea. * Polytheism: The belief and mention of art objecty an(prenominal) divinitys. Polytheistic cultures overwhelm the Hellenics, Canaanites and Babylonians. theanthropism: C erstption of matinee idols â€Å"in shape of valet cosmoss,” have features of macrocosm and act akin hu parts. An example of this is Baal in the Canaanite Baal Cycle. * Binaturalism: Conception of divinity fudges with as having â€Å" cardinal natures. ” An example of binaturalism is the Babylonian Tiamat, who is two a immortal and a topic ( sea). * Syncretism: Adaptation of iodine cultures novelic beliefs by another culture. An example is the Sumerian Inanna is the said(prenominal) as the Akkadian Ishtar. * Sphere of Influence: Areas with which matinee idols argon associated/have business office. For example the classic immortal genus genus genus genus Zeus is the paragon of rain, lightning, powership, hospitality. Primordial amniotic fluid: Waters that exist at head start of or even before cosmos. In many grounding fables. Usually waive the sea and other large bodies of peeing * antique Near East: The line of business encompassing Mesopotamia, Canaan, Israel, Anatolia and Egypt in which many allegorys were select such(prenominal) as the Babylonian Enuma Elish. The Ancient Near East does not include Ancient Greece. * Mesopotamia: Mesopotamia is kn possess as the down in the midst of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Cultures such as the Babylonians resided on that point and assembled the insertion myth, the Enuma Elish. * Sumerians: The Sumerians were the set-back quite a little to lie Mesopotamia.They ar considered the get-go homo subtlety and influenced the Akkadians. * Akkadians: The Akkadians were a culture in Mesopotamia. They overtook the Sumerians and pick out their spoken terminology. * Babylonians: The Babylonians were a culture in Mesopotamia. They pass waterd the myth the Enuma Elish and spoke a tongue of the Akkadian langu get on. * Enuma Elish: A Babylonian Myth was pen just about 2000 BCE. This myth is a creation myth and succession myth that conveys a great appropriateing between the pull god Marduk and Tiamat, the god of the seas. * Marduk: The besiege god in the Babylonian Enuma Elish.He is the parole of Ea and Damkina, is laureled king of the gods and defeats Tiamat, creating the domain and the domain. * wedge-shaped: cuneiform is a type of script pen on lodgingss commonly apply by ancient cultures such as the Babylonians. The myth the Enuma Elish was compose by the Babylonians in cuneiform. * Apsu: Apsu is the binatural, Babyloninan god of freshwater who is the husband of Tiamat. Apsu is bug outed in the Enuma Elish by Ea. * Tiamat: Tiamat, the wife of Apsu, is the binatural, Babylonian god of the seas. In the Enuma Elish, Tiamat meshs the assail god Marduk and loses. Lahmu: Lahmu is the son of the gods Tiamat and Apsu. In the Babylonian Enuma Elish, Lahmu is de scribed as being formed from the mingling wet of Apsu and Tiamat. * Lahamu: Lahamu is the lady friend of the gods Apsu and Tiamat. In the Babylonian Enuma Elish, Lahmu is take upd as being formed from the mingling waters of Apsu and Tiamat. * Anshar: Anshar is the Babylonian tilt god. In the Enuma Elish, he is the son of Lahmu and Lahamu. * Kishar: Kishar is the Babylonian earth goddess. In the Enuma Elish, she is the girl of Lahmu and Lahmu. * Anu: Anu is the son of both Anshar and Kishar.In the Babylonian Enuma Eli sh, Anu gives Marduk the quartet winds to defeat Tiamat. * Ea/Enki/Nuddimud: Ea is the Babylonian swindle god who is the stupefy of Marduk. In the Enuma Elish, Ea discovers Apsus eyepatch to wage war against the gods and Ea kills him. * Mummu: Mummu is a vizier in the Babylonian Enuma Elish. In this myth, Mummu gives Apsu the go in the lead to kill the gods and is captured by Ea once he discovers Mummus plot. * Damkina: In the Babylonian Enuma Elish, Damkina is the mother of Marduk. She is the execute of Ea. * Qingu/ fagu: Qingu is the leader of Tiamats army of eleven monsters in the Babylonian Enuma Elish.Tiamat also gives Qingu the launch atomic number 18a of Destinies. * Tablet of Destinies: The Tablet of Destinies is stipulation to Qingu in the Babylonian Enuma Elish. Marduk kills Tiamat and her army and reclaims the Tablet of Destinies. * Semitic: Semitic is a Mesopotamian culture that speaks a language similar to the language Hebraical. The Akkadians spoke this lang uage. * Amorites: Amorites be a batch that overthrew the Sumerians in Mesopotamia in 1900 BCE. They spoke a dialect of Akkadian. * Babylon: Babylon is the set up pileus metropolis of Mesopotamia when controlled by the Amorites.People that lived in the capital city of Babylon were cognize as Babylonians and they are attri entirelyed for adopting the Enuma Elish. * ziggurat: Ziggurat is the temple in which gods were revereed in Mesopotamia. Each city-state had its own patron god, and that god was worshipped in a ziggurat. * Akitu: Akitu is also know as the Babylonian New Year festival. This fete honored Marduk as the King of the gods in the city of Babylon. * Baal Cycle: The Baal Cycle is a group of metrical compositions that surround the Canaanite god Baal. These myths involve Baals involution with yam plant, Baals battle with mot, and the dilemma meet his castle. Ugarit: Ugarit was a coastal trading city which was prosperous around 1400 BCE. This city is where thousa nds of mud tablets were found, including the Canaanite Baal Cycle * Canaan: Canaan is the surface area in which Ugarit was located. In this domain, the Baal Cycle was follow. * Canaanite: Canaanites are the people who lived in the region of Canaan. They were cardinal of the source cultures to use an alphabetic piece of writing system instead of a cuneiform system. * El: El is the start out of the gods in Canaanite mythology. In the Baal Cycle, El agrees to give up Baals hiding aspire to yam plant so they could battle. Baal: Baal is the storm god menti unrivalled(a)d in the Canaanite Baal Cycle. He uses two clubs to defeat Yam and fix known as â€Å"Baal the Conqueror. ” * Hadad: Hadad is another get joint for the storm god Baal. In Caananite culture, Hadad instrument â€Å"thunderer. ” * Dagon: Dagon is the father of Baal in the Baal Cycle. He is the god of grain. * Zaphon: Zaphon is the sacred commode that belongs to Baal. In the Canaanite Baal Cycle, B aals palace is constructed here. * Asherah: In Canaanite mythology, Asherah is the wife of the god El. She is known as the Mother of the immortals. * Anat: In Canaanite myhtology, Anat is the sis of Baal.She is the strainthirsty goddess of war and hunting who slaughters Yams warriors in the Baal Cycle. * Kothar-wa-Hasis: In Canaanite mythology, Kothar is a craftsman god. In the Baal Cycle, he creates the clubs Baal uses to defeat Yam and Baals household out of cedar. * Shapash: Shapash is the insolate goddess in Canaanite mythology. In the Baal Cycle, she advises Baal to create a substitute that Mot provide kill instead of Baal himself. * Attanu-Purlianni: Attanu-Purlianni is the detect of the chief priest of the temple of Baal. The Ugaritic textual matter the Baal Cycle was found in his library. Ilimiku: Ilimiku is the scribe who lived in Canaan. Ilimiku is the scribe who wrote down the Baal Cycle. * Niqmaddu II: Niqmaddu II was the king of Ugarit around 1375-1345 BCE. He w as the king of Ugarit when the Baal Cycle was indite. * Yam: Yam is the god of the seas in Canaanite culture. In the Canaanite Baal Cycle, Yam is discomfited by the storm god Baal. * Mot: Mot is Death in Canaanite mythology. He battles Baal in the Baal Cycle. * reticular activating system Shamara: Ras Shamara is the modern reboot for the ancient city of Ugarit. Excavations of Ras Shamara gave light to Ugaritic culture, including the Baal Cycle. Hittites: The Hittites are an Indo-European people who command from 1700 to 1200BCE. Their mythology included over 600 gods and created the Kumarbi Cycle. * Hattians: The Hattians are a pre-Hittite people who resided in Anatolia. They were taken over by the Hittites and adopted a lot of their culture and syncretized most of their gods. * Hurrians: The Hurrians were a people who resided in northern, contemporary Syria who had an empire call forthd Mittani. They were overtaken by the Hittites and syncretized some of their gods. * Hattus as: Hattusas is the capital of the Hittite empire.This city is where the Illuyanka Myths were found indite on cuneiform tablets. * Hattian Storm graven image: The Hattian Storm god has no note and was the chief god of the Hittites. In interpretation 1 of the Illuyanka Myths, the storm god defeats Illyanka when she is inebriate and tied up. * Illuyanka: Illuyanka is the snake in the grassine dragon in the Hattian Iluyanka Myths. In the first mutation, Illuyanka is killed by the storm god himself, whereas in the s version, Illuyanka is killed by the storm god’s son. * Purulli Festival: The Purulli Festival is the festival celebrating the arrival of jet by the Hattians.The Illuyanka Myths are associated with the Purulli Festival. * Inara: Inara is the daughter of the storm god in Hattian mythology. In the first version of the Illuyanka myths, Inara creates a feast for Illuyanka, and tricks the serpent into getting slain. * Hupasiya: Hupasiya is a mortal man who agrees to help Inara in the first version of the Hattian Illuyanka myths. In the myth, he ties up Illuyanka when she is extremely drunk and as a fix gets to sleep with Inara. * Kumarbi Cycle: The Kumarbi Cycle is considered a Hurrian literary piss provided is written in Hittite. These poesys describe the Hurrian god of the Underworld, Kumarbi. Kumarbi: Kumarbi is the Hurrian god of the sin. In the Hurrian Song of Kumarbi, he removes Anu and swallows his genitals, bonnie heavy(predicate) with gods. * Alalu: Alalu is the king of the gods in Hurrian mythology and is the father of Kumarbi. In the Song of Kumarbi, he is dethr mavind by Anu. * Tessub: Tessub is the sky god in Hurrian mythology. In the Song of Ullikummi, Tessub battles Ullikummi. * Song of Kumarbi: The Song of Kumarbi is a succession myth in Hurrian mythology. In this myth, Kumarbi is ultimately over throw by Tessub. * Song of Ullikummi: The variant of Ullikummi is a succession myth in Hurrian mythology.In this myth, Kuma rbi attempts to overthrow Tessub by impregnating a trinity mile rock with a tike created Ullikummi to storm the heavens. * Ullikummi: Ullikummi is the child of Kumarbi and a gem in the Hurrian Song of Ullikummi. In this myth, Ishtanu descry Ulikummi maturation and tells Tessub of the plot; a battle ensues and Ullikummi is defeated by Tessub. * Istanu: Ishtanu is the sun god in Hurrian mythology. In the Song of Ullikummi, Ishtanu discovers Ullikummi growing and warns Tessub about the threat. * Ubelurri: Ubelurri is the supporter of the sky in Hurrian mythology, similar to Atlas’ role in Hellenic Mythology.In the Hurrian Song of the Ulikummi, Ea goes to Ubelurri and cuts off Ulikummi with a cutting tool, removing Ulikummi from his hiding place * Musilis I: Musilis I is the Hittite king who was in charge of the raid of Babylon. This most potential leaded in the syncretism of the trickster god Ea in many Hittian myths. * Hattusilis I: Hattusilis I is the father of Musili s I. He was the king who founded the Hittian Empire in Anatolia. * Indo-European: The language of the Hittites which most presumable originated in central Europe. This language is the solution to most modern day European languages. Mitanni: Mitanni is the capital of the Hurrian Empire north of Mesopotamia. Mittani is a cultural icon of the Hurrians which influence a lot of Hittite cultures. * genesis: multiplication is the first book of the Torah and Bible which outlines two creation myths and a overflow myth. This Israelite book is written in mostly prose which is drastically different than other myths of the cadence such as the Enuma Elish and the Baal Cycle. * Israelites/ Hebraicals: The Israelites are a culture who resided in Canaan and were monotheistic. They are responsible for(p) for constructing the book of multiplication. ‘elohim: ‘Elohim is the title of the Israelite god in Genesis. This name is similar to the Canaanite ‘el but is a title pref erably than a name. * Yahweh: Yahweh is the name of the Hebraical divinity. Yahweh is a name wedded to call God in the Hebrew Book of Genesis. * ‘adonay: ‘Adonay marrow manufacturing business and is the newer name people apply to describe god aft(prenominal)ward(prenominal) 538 BCE. This is because people believed that Yahweh was too holy for macrocosm to speak. * monolatry: Monolatry is the acknowledgement that at that place are many gods; however, only one is worshipped. This was the view of the Hebrew culture. * monotheism: Monotheism is the belief that in that respect is only one god.This is the view of Hebrews afterwards the Babylonian Exile in 536 BCE. * Leviathan: Leviathan is the sea creature that symbolizes evil in the Hebrew culture. In Genesis, Yahweh defeats the Leviathan, similar to Marduk defeating Tiamat. * Rahab: Rahab is another name for the sea serpent that Yahweh defeats. In Israelite mythology, the battle between Rahab and Yahweh is symbo lism for the battle between order and chaos. * bereshith: Bereshith is the Hebrew news program inwardness â€Å"in the beginning. ” This name is a translation of chapter 1 of Genesis because it describes the Israelite myth of creation. JEDP conjecture: The JEDP theory is the modern theory describing the Hebrew Torah, which contains Genesis. The theory explains that thither are many discrepancies because the former was compiling several stories into one which gist there are four distinct causations to the Torah. * shemesh: Shemesh is Hebrew enounce meat Sun. This newsworthiness is apply in Genesis to branch it from other cultures around the corresponding condemnation such as the Ugaritic sun god â€Å"Shapash,” because the author of Genesis didn’t urgency to create the impression that Yahweh was creating a binatural god. * yareah: Yareah is the Hebrew excogitate meaning Moon.This word is used in Genesis to distinguish it from other cultures aroun d the same clip such as the Ugaritic moon god â€Å"Yarikh,” because the author of Genesis didn’t want to create the impression that Yahweh was creating a binatural god. * tehom: Tehom is the Hebrew word meaning deep in Genesis. This word is used to refer to the uncreated waters which are associated with chaos and disorder. * cosmocentric: Cosmocentric is used to refer that the creation of both the heavens and earth are created before humans. This idea is used in the first Hebrew creation myth in Genesis, Chapter 1. Ptolemaic: Geocentric is a term used to refer to the creation of the earth, sea and plants. A geocentric creation is mentioned in the first creation myth of the Hebrew Genesis, which occurs on the third day. * anthropocentric: Anthropocentric is a term used to refer to creation of humans being the most important, followed by the Earth and other aspects. This concept is have in the certify creation myth of the Hebew Genesis. * steer of cognition: The tr ee diagram of knowledge is what the serpent in the second creation myth of the Hebrew Genesis lures the man and charr too.The serpent, a trickster, promises the man and woman that eating from the manoeuver of Knowledge will make them God-like. * head of Life: The Tree of Life represends immortality in the Hebrew Genesis. Yahweh warns ex and evening to not eat from the Tree of Knowledge; when they disobey, he bans them from the garden so as to prevent them from eating of the Tree of Life and gain immortality. * ‘itsavon: ‘Itsavon is the Hebrew word meaning pain and toil. This word is mentioned in the second creation myth of the Hebrew Genesis to refer to the punishment that Yahweh bestows upon offer and Eve for eating from the Tree of Knowledge.For women, it content pain during childbirth and for men it fashion toiling in the soil. * ‘ tour: ‘ spell is the Hebrew word meaning â€Å"man. ” This word is used as a pun on the word ‘adamah in Genesis because ‘adamah means clay and the first man is made from clay. * ‘adamah: ‘Adamah is the Hebrew word meaning clay. This word is used as a pun on the word ‘adam in Genesis because ‘adam means man and clay is used to create the first man. * Adam: Adam is the name given to the first created man in the second creation myth of the Hebrew Genesis. Adam is in truth obedient to Yahweh, but disobeys him when he accepts fruit from the Tree of Knowledge from Eve. Eve: Eve is the name given to the first created woman in the second creation myth of the Hebrew Genesis. Eve is tricked by the serpent into eating from the Tree of Knowledge and is punished by Yahweh. * Tanakh: Tanakh is the word given to describe the Jewish Bible. The first book of the Tanakh is the book of Genesis which outlines creation. * Israelite: An Israelite is an habitant of the ancient kingdom of Israel. Israelites were the first believers in monotheism and authored the book of Genesi s. * Solomon: Solomon is the son of David, whose reign label the high point of political power of Ancient Israel.Solomon built a temple in Jerusalem to worship the one, Hebrew, god: Yahweh. * Babylonian Exile: The Babylonian transportation system is when the Babylonians destroyed Jerusalem in 586 BCE and deported the Israelites to Babylon. This out-migration marked the point in which the Israelites shifted from monolatry to monotheism. * Cyrus the great(p): Cyrus the Great is Persian conqueror of Babylon in 538. He allowed the Israelites to return to their home baseland and redo Jerusalem. * Hesiod: Hesiod is the classical Poet who wrote the Theogony. In the beginning of the Theogony, Hesiod calls on the Muses to assist him in writing the myth. Theogony: The Grecian Theogony is both a creation and a succession myth written by Hesiod around 700 BCE. This myth describes the creation of the human race and the succession of Kronos over Ouranos, and Zeus over Kronos. * proem: A proem is a short foundation garment in the opening lines of a poem that introduces a main theme. The Grecian Theogony includes a proem in which Hesiod calls on the Muses for inspiration. * Muses: The Muses are goddesses that are believed in Grecian mythology to inspire poets. In the Grecian Theogony? the Muses inspire Hesiod to write the point of creation. * Helikon: Helikon is a can in Greece.In Greek mythology, this mountain is believed to serve as the home for the Muses. * chaos: Chaos is the first god created in the Greek Theogony. Hesiod describes the binatural god Chaos as a large waste and gap of empty space. * germanium/Ge: germanium is the binatural goddess of the Earth. In the Greek Theogony, she is considered to be one of the first four pristine gods. * Tartaros: Tartaros is binatural god of the area below underworld. Considered to be one of the primal gods in the Greek Theogony, Tartaros is considered to be a prison where the Titans were confined. * sexual desir e: Eros is the Greek, binatural, goddess of sexual desire.Eros is considered to be one of the primal gods in the Theogony. * Erebos: Erebos is the god of the underworld in Greek mythology. In Hesiod’s Theogony, Erebos is born as a solvent of pathogenesis and conceives Air and Day with Night. * Ouranos: Ouranos is the god of the sky in Greek mythology. In Hesiod’s Theogony, Ouranos mates with atomic number 32 and gives birth to the titans, genus Cyclopes and the Hundred-handers. * Titans: The Titans are the children of Ouranos and germanium in Greek mythology. In Hesiod’s Theogony, the Titans are defeated by Zeus and the Hundred-handers and are impel into Tartaros. Cyclopes: The Cyclopes are the children of atomic number 32 and Ouranos in Greek mythology. In Hesiod’s Theogony, Zeus frees the Cyclopes from Tartaros and they make his thunderbolts which are used to defeat the Titans. * Hundred-handers: The Hundred-handers are the children of Gaia and Oura nos in Greek Mythology. In Hesiod’s Theogony, the Hundred-handers help Zeus defeat the Titans. * Zeus: Zeus is the king of the gods in Greek mythology. In Hesiod’s Theogony, Zeus throws Kronos into Tartaros and becomes King of the Gods. * Kronos: Kronos is a titan in Greek mythology.In Hesiod’s Theogony, Kronos stands up to Ouranos, bowdlerises Ouranos with the sickle of adamant, and becomes the king of the gods until his son Zeus overthrows him. * sickle: A sickle is a weapon that Kronos uses to modify Ouranos in the Greek Theogony. This sickle is given to Kronos by Gaia because she is furious that Kronos displace her children to Tartaros. * adamant: Adamant is a metallic element in Greek Mythology described as being the strongest metal in the world. Gaia gives Kronos a sickle made of this to castrate his father, Ouranos. * aphros: Aphros is the sea foam in Greek mythology from which Aphrodite is born.This foam is created when Kronos castrates his father Our anos and throws his genitals into the sea. * Aphrodite: Aphrodite is the goddess of debaucher in Greek Mythology. In Hesiod’s Theogony, she is born from the aphros that are a result of Ouranos’ castrated genitals in the sea. * rhea: rhea is wife and sister of Kronos in Greek Mythology. In Hesiod’s Theogony, Gaia tells Rhea to hide Zeus on Crete because Kronos begins eating all of his children as they are born because a prophecy from Gaia and Ouranos states that Kronos would be overthrown by his son. Olympians: The Olympians are the children of Rhea in Greek Mythology. In Hesiod’s Theogony, the Olympians help wage war with Zeus against the Titans. * Titanomachy: Titanomachy is the part of the Greek Theogony that describes battle with the Titans. The titans are thrown into Tartaros by Zeus at the end of the Titanomachy. * Metis: Metis is the early mate of Zeus in Greek mythology. In the Theogony, Metis becomes pregnant and Zeus swallows her because a pro phecy is known that Zeus’ son will overthrow the king of the gods. * genus Athene: Athena is the goddess of light and cleverness in Greek mythology.In the Theogony, Athena is born from Zeus’ head after swallowing the pregnant Metis. * Typhoios: Typhoios is the son of Gaia and Tartaros in Greek mythology. This 100 headed, brush aside-breathing dragon battles Zeus, loses and is thrown into Tartaros. * Apollodorus: Apollodorus is falsely ascribed as the Greek writer who compiled the Library. Apollodorus includes a different version of the battle between Zeus and Typhoios than what is written in Hesiod’s Theogony. * Library: The Library is a Greek mythological handbook written around the first or second century CE.The Library is falsely attributed to Apollodorus, rather â€Å"Psuedo-Apollodorus” wrote the Library. * Delphyne: Delphyne is a dragon in Greek Mythology that guards the sinews of Zeus. These sinews were stolen from Zeus by Typhon. * Mt. Aitna: Mt . Aitna is the location in Apollodorus’ version of Zeus vs. Typhon in which Zeus attacks Typhon. Typhon is trapped under the mountain by Zeus and it subsequently becomes volcanic. * Phoenicians: The Phoenicians were a people lively on the coast of contemporary Lebanaon. The Greeks adopted an alphabet script from them and created the Greek alphabet as a result. Ascra: Ascra is the city-state in which Hesiod is born. Hesiod is the author of the Greek Theogony. * Cyme: Cyme is the city in the Asia minor where Hesiod’s father left to move to Ascra. This city is important because living close to non-Greek cultures allowed Hesiod to learn many remote myths, which most likely influenced his writing of the Greek Theogony * Atrahasis: Atrahasis is a Babylonian glut myth that describes Atrahasis, the king of the city of Shurupakk, survival. In the myth, Atrahasis skeletons a boat and survives the flood that lasts for seven days and seven nights. Ipiq-Aya: Ipiq-Aya is the a uthor of the Babylonian flood myth Atrahasis. He wrote the poem on three tablets in cuneiform. * Ellil: Ellil is the gods’ boss in in Babylonian Atrahasis. The noise of the humans anger Ellil and he sends a plague, a famine, a drought and finally a flood to destroy military man. * Mami/Nintu: Mami is the creator goddess in Babylonian mythology. In Atrahasis, Mami creates humans from the blood of Ilawela and clay, creating seven men and seven women. * Ilawela: Ilawela is a Babylonian god who is slain in order to create humans.Mami uses the blood of the slain Ilawela to create humans to do the work of the gods. * Shuruppak: Shurupakk is the city in which Atrahasis is king. In the Babylonian Atrahasis, Ellil sends a plague to the city of Shuruppak to kill all humanity. * Namtara: Namtara is the god that the people of Shuruppak worship once the plague occurs. In the Babylonian Atrahasis, Namtara notices how all the people of the city are only worshipping him and he uplifts the p lague to celebrate humanity. * Adad: Adad is the god that the people of Shuruppak worship once the famine occurs.In the Babylonian Atrahasis, Adad notices how all the people of the city are only worshipping him and he uplifts the famine to save humanity. * reed chanty: The reed chanty is mentioned in the Babylonian Atrahasis when Enki promises not to tell humans about the flood. Instead, Enki tells the wall of a reed hut that a flood will take place and Atrahasis overhears this message to the reed hut and acts on the advice. * Epic of Gilgamesh: The Epic of Gilgamesh is a popular work made up of 12 cuneiform tablets. On the eleventh tablet of the Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, is where the flood myth with Utnapishtim is found. Utnapishtim: Utnapishtim is the king of the city of Shuruppak. In the Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Utnapistim is warned of a coming flood by Ea, survives and is apt(p) immortality. * bitumen: Bitumen is the material used in making boats raincoat. In the Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Utnapishtim uses bitumen to make his boat waterproof and survive the huge flood. * Mt. Nimush: Mt. Nimush is the mountain that Utnapishtim lands on at the end of the flood in the Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh. From this mountain, Utnapishtim releases the three birds, a dove, a swallow and a feed to see if there is land. Noah: Noah is the righteous man who evades the Flood in the Hebrew Genesis. God tells Noah to build a boat and to spiel two of from each one animal with him. * cypress tree woods: Cypress wood is the wood that is explicitly stated by God to be used in the structure of the boat. In the Hebrew Genesis, God gives Noah very(prenominal) specific direction on how to build the boat including that the wood must be cypress and even the exact dimensions. * Mt. Ararat: Mt. Ararat is the mountain in which Noah lands on at the end of the flood. In the Hebrew Genesis, Noah sends out a raven and doves from this mountain to see if there is land. be rit: Berit is the formal stipulation with life on Earth that he will neer send any more floods. This agreement was made between God and Noah at the end of the Hebrew Genesis. * Ovid: Ovid is a roman letters poet who was exiled from Rome by Augustus. Ovid is the author of Metamorphoses. * Metamorphoses: Metamorphoses is a myth written by Ovid. This definitive myth explains the creation of the universe and a flood. * Augustus: Augustus is the Roman emperor around the quantify when Ovid wrote his Metamorphoses. Augustus sent Ovid out of Rome in exile for being critical of his rule. stoic: Stoic is the architect god in Roman mythology. In the authoritative Metamorphoses, there are two stoic doctrines put which describe the flood and conflagration. * Prometheus: Prometheus is one of the four possible creators of humans. In the classic Metamorphoses, Prometheus uses earth and water to create humans. * Golden eon: The golden age is a time of peace and abundance in authoritative mythology. This time was ruled by Saturn and is considered to be the best. * Saturn: Saturn is the Roman god who ruled over the Golden geezerhood.In Ovid’s Metamorphoses Saturn ruled and granted an abundance of peace of prosperity. * Silver fester: The silver age is the second age in the Greco-Roman Metamorphoses. This period Is ruled by the god Jupiter and is a time when men become more immoral. * bronzy Age: The Bronze Age occurs after the Silver Age in Ovid’s Metamorphoses. This age does not last very long as men are very warlike and kill each other quickly. * campaign Age: The Iron Age occurs after the Bronze Age in Ovid’s Metamorphoses. This age is considered to be our own age, in which technology is advanced, and humans have begun to sail and mine. Lycaon: Lycaon is the king of Arcadia (Greece). In the Greco-Roman, Metamorphoses, Lycaon is tested by the god Jupiter and is seen as a bad host. Lycaon is transformed into a wolf as a result. * xenia: Xenia is the Greek word meaning hospitality. Jupiter is the god of xenia as he punishes poor hosts. * xenos: Xenos is the Greek word meaning guest or host. In Ovid’s Metamorphoses, Jupiter is the xenos of Lycaon and Lycaon shows him poor hospitality by giving him human flesh to eat. * Arcadia: Arcadia is the region of Greece where Lycaon is king in the Greco-Roman Metamorphoses.Arcadia is the place in which Jupiter disguises himself as a human and catches Lycaon’s poor hospitality. * ekpyrosis: Ekpyrosis is a Greek word meaning conflagration. Conflagration is one of the Stoic’s doctrines which describes an extensive fire that destroys a great deal of land. Jupiter considers ekpyrosis in Ovid’s Metamorphoses, but rejects the idea in fear that the flames might reach the heavens. * kataklysmos: Katakylsmos is a term describing a devastating flood. This stoic doctrine is the one chosen by Jupiter in the Greco-Roman Metamorphoses to punish humanity for being poor h osts. Neptune: Neptune is Jupiter’s sidekick in Greco-Roman Mythology. In Ovid’s Metamorphoses, Neptune aides Jupiter in sending the flood. * adynaton: Adynaton is a Greek word meaning impossible. This refers to the topsy-turvily world in the Greco-Roman Metamporphoses created after Jupiter’s flood, for example dolphins stuck in trees. * Deucalion: Deucalion is the son of Promethius in Greco-Roman Mythology. In Metamorphoses, he survives the flood with his wife * Pyrrha: Pyrrha is the wife of Deucalion and the daughter of Epimetheus in Greco-Roman Mythology.In Metamorphoses, she survives the flood with Deucalion and prays to mountain gods, nymphs and Themis. * Epimetheus: Epimetheus is the brother of Prometheus in Greco-Roman mythology. In the Metamorphoses, the daughter of Epimetheus survives the flood. * Mr. Parnassus: Mt. Parnassus is the mountain where Deucalion and Pyyrha are brush during Jupiter’s flood in the Greco-Roman Metamorphoses. On this mo untain, Deucalion and Pyyrha pray to the many gods during the flood. * Themis: Themis is the seer that survives Jupiter’s flood in the Greco-Roman Metamorphoses.In the text, Themis tells Deucalion and Pyrrha to throw the bones of your mother hindquarters your back, which leads to creation of humanity. * Tomis: Tomis is the place that Ovid, the roman poet and author of the Greco-Roman Metamrphoses, was exiled to. Ovid wrote poetry in Tomis and sent it to his wife in Rome. * carmen et misconduct: Carmen et error is a latin term that means â€Å"a poem and a geological fault. ” Ovid, the author of the Greco-Roman Metamorphoses, uses this to refer to the reasons he was exiled from Rome. The poem was his guide to pick up women, Ars Amatoria, and his mistake was his sexual involvement with Julia, Emperor Agustus’ daughter.\r\n'